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Initial plan (and latex test)

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Category: Uncategorised
Published: Friday, 01 June 2018 20:23
Written by Jamie Shaw-Stewart
Hits: 110

This is a first plan for the review article I am going to try and write in individual sections. A bit like a serial novel, like a Dickens novel such as Pickwick Papers, or Alexander McCall-Smith's 44 Scotland Street... but about chemical and thermal lithium-ion battery recycling processes!

 

\[

\documentclass[
journal=ascecg, % for ACS Sus Chem Eng
manuscript=article]{achemso}

\title{A review of chemical and thermal processes used in the recycling of lithium ion battery materials}

\begin{document}

\begin{abstract}
This a review attempts to comprehensively present the chemical and thermal techniques that have been, or are being, adopted for materials recovery from waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The work will firstly overview the principle material classes, and typical specifics of the elements, that make up a LIB: lithium ion electrolyte and carbonate ester solvent; transition metal lithium oxides in the electrodes (often the most valuable elements); metals from current collector foils (Al \& Cu), connectors and packaging; carbon from conductive agents in both electrodes, and intercalatable graphite in the anode; and finally polymers from the separator, packaging, gasket, and binding agent in the electrodes. This is followed by an outline of the specific thermal processes, then the chemical processes.
\end{abstract}

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{5}
\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}

\subsection{Review definition and justification}

\subsection{Outline}

 

\section{LIB cell materials}

\subsection{Electrolyte and solvent}

\subsection{Metal oxides from electrode}

\subsection{Metals from foils, connectors and packaging}

\subsection{Carbon from electrode}

\subsection{Polymers from packaging, gasket, separator and electrode binders}

\section{Thermal processes}

\subsection{Low-temperature pyrolysis}

\subsection{High-temperature pyrolysis}

\section{Chemical processes}

\subsection{Chemical leaching}

\subsubsection{Acid leaching}

\subsubsection{Alkali leaching}

\subsubsection{Organic leaching}

\subsubsection{Water leaching}

\subsection{Bioleaching}

\subsection{Solvent extraction}

\subsection{Chemical precipitation}

\subsection{Electrochemical processes}

 

\section{Conclusions}

 

\end{document}

\]





UCAS March 2017 Deadline Application figures - what will they show?

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Category: Teaching
Published: Wednesday, 05 April 2017 17:07
Written by Jamie Shaw-Stewart
Hits: 134

The March deadline UK undergraduate application figures via UCAS come out tomorrow, and with that in mind, it is a timely point to muse on the corporatisation of our charitable public universities, and their thirst for growth at all costs.

However, this amazing growth is supposed to coincide with a stark slowing-down of student numbers, the main income revenue streams for HE institutions. I can only access January data back to 2012 on the UCAS website, but the figures show that applicants domiciled in England are at the lowest since 2012, the year the £9000 tuition fee cap was introduced, and they are almost exactly the same as that year (~385,000). Going back even further, England-domiciled applicants were only lower than this year in January back in 2009... And that was before nursing became a degree-only profession for registration. There are probably other examples of accounting sleight-of-hands to increase degree and applicant numbers, as this marked the end of Labour's tenure in government, with a policy of getting 50% of all school leavers into higher education.

So, from a domiciled perspective it is clearly a bit of a disaster for growth potential (although brilliant for competition! It should be becoming a buyers market for students, but I'm not sure that all students see it like that yet...). For English providers, though, with the unrivaled prestige that comes with being the birthplace of the english language internationally, perhaps it isn't so dire when you take into account international students? For all UK-domiciled applicants, applications to England-providers was at ~414,000 in January 2017, which was only lower in 2012, at ~412,000! I can't go back further, but I would imagine that 2009 would be the first year to show significantly lower applicant numbers to English HE institutions absed on the information for English-domiciled applicants. When international students are taken into account the picture is rosier, but not much: applicant numbers are at 502,000, last lower in 2013 when numbers were 499,000. I don't have the figure for 2011 (it was around 482,000 for 2012), but there is a realistic possibility it could have been higher than 2013.

What does this mean in practical terms? Well, universities have obviously relaxed entrance requirements in this era of "free-market" competition in the HE sector, and so actual student numbers have not declined at all. Looking at end of cycle applicants to England, last year (2016) the total number of applications (NOT applicants!) in England had very very nearly recovered to the pre-£9000 tuition fee cap number in 2011, reaching ~2,417,000 applications in the 2015-1 6 cycle, versus ~2,418,000 applications in 2010-11. However, the acceptances were only ~415,000 in 2011, whereas they reached ~450,000 in 2015, but have plateaued their last year at almost exactly the same number.

Overall, I await tomorrow result for the trend in March applicants with interest, but it won't be until the summer/Autumn when the proof of "negative growth" or contraction will really be presented. This does not promise to be pleasant, and although we would like the senior management to bear the brunt of any fall in the sector given their lack of ability to prepare for sustainability, and their unwillingness to share any of the responsibility by consultation, those at the bottom will always be worse affected.

One final point of interest is that the summary from the outgoing UCAS chief executive last year was certainly not overly-positive. The main reason I believe that the gloomy picture which tuition fees present for English HE institutions is not trumpeted about is that commentators tend to take the larger picture, and are not so worried for every institution. They also like to be pessimistic about things that don't matter economically - i.e. inequality of access, the focus for the outgoing UCAS CEO, is important, but it is definitely not going to hit the UK economy. However, declining student numbers is, and pessimistic news along that line is always a no-go zone until the effects are really felt. Individual commentators do bravely make individual comments, but they appear to be smothered by the collective cognitive bias of pretending that nothing is going wrong because we don't want to believe that anything is going wrong, and because there is a commercial reason to maintain "market confidence" in the English HE "brand".

Pinpointing the beginning of the decline is hard, particularly in an industry with such long-term trends like HE, but a bit like the concept of peak oil, I wonder whether we might have just started to reach the peak of undergraduate admissions into England... This is only going to hit university revenues (the way Scottish universities were hit in 2012 when English students stopped coming in their droves), and the funding crisis at Russell Group Universities which caused the introduction of higher tuition fees back in 2010 will finally hit after what has only been a postponement of the inevitable.

 

 

"Preparing for leadership"

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Category: Personal development
Published: Monday, 20 November 2017 14:24
Written by Jamie Shaw-Stewart
Hits: 156

On 8th and 15th November 2017 I went on an internal training course for Warwick researchers entitled "Preparing for leadership". This was a much more useful experience than I could have envisaged beforehand, and involved some really eye-opening information regarding the university itself (positive and negative), nice networking opportunites, and problem solving discussions, as well as the very useful information regarding leadership, and the key skills involved.

Regarding the key skills, I suppose I could try and sumamrise them:

1) An open mind, with a sense of fairness

2) An attempt to understand the breadth of different approaches to work that there can be

3) An attempt to understand the specific interests/approaches of those who are directly managed by me

4) A wilingness to engage in the complexity of organisational understanding, including politics

 

Very broad, but the skills by definition cannot be specific. From a personal perspective, I need to highlight my own strengths and understand how best ot use them, and how best to engage others to help with necessary weaknesses. I also have decided to devise a more specific personal development plan, focussed on setting specific goals around my career development.